Notes from NEET topper
2. Speciation:
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Definition: Speciation is the process by which new species arise from existing species through evolutionary mechanisms.
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Types of Speciation:
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Allopatric Speciation: Occurs when populations are geographically isolated, leading to genetic divergence and the formation of new species.
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Sympatric Speciation: Occurs within the same geographic area, often due to ecological or behavioral factors.
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Factors Contributing to Speciation:
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Isolation Barriers: Geographic, ecological, reproductive, and behavioral barriers that prevent gene flow between populations.
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Genetic Drift: Random changes in allele frequencies within small populations.
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Natural Selection: Environmental pressures leading to the adaptation of different traits.
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Importance: Speciation is fundamental in understanding biodiversity and how new species emerge over time.
